Why Study Organizations?

In station to solvent an essay question, maiden of any, we requirement to understand what is meant by the term system from the sociological point of view. Then we pack to understand what role organizations are playing in our behavior and wherefore it is essential to c each(prenominal) for them. As we can imagine, there are different types of organizations. All of them gift their proclaim structure and purpose. In this essay I would like to focus on business organizations how they appeared and developed how employees traffic were changing, etc.I would like to pay the specific attention to such department as adult male Resource focusing how this term appeared and why it is so important nowadays. So, why do we symboliseually need to study organizations? This question, from my point of view, has a very easy and obvious answer we need to study organizations for the selfsame(prenominal) reason we study the world around us. We are intelligent and curious stack. We always need an definition of what is happening, how the things are working, and what place do we take among other people.Organizations are the huge part of our youthful cursory life we either study or work for them, or we are obtaining goods and services from them. We are interacting with organizations all the time, so it is not surprising, that we want to study them and it does not matter if you are a manager or consumer you are still involved in it and you want to be aware of what is happening around you. What is organization? In sociology term organization has a very general meaning. This is basically a structure for carrying kayoed a particular social activity on a regular basis (Fulcher and Scott, 2009 p. 542).All the organizations cod such features as specific goal, defined membership, rules of behaviour, and authority relationships. This is also important to parent, that all organizations puzzle the feature film of continuity. This means that personnel can be changing, but the organization go out still exist. There is no clear definition of what social units come into the category of organizations. Some of them are easy to define, other will bring us some difficulties. For instance, business corporations, schools, hospitals, trade unions are definitely organizations, as they all form the characteristics mentioned before.On the other hand, communities, social groups, and class are not organizations, as they do not have rules of behaviour or specific goals. The problem can occur, when we come across the term institution. The first thing we need to understand here is that organization is not an institution. Institution is an established practice that mold the various activities that make up social life (Fulcher and Scott, 2009 p. 543). The most common examples of institutions in daily life are weddings and funerals. Although, these are two different terms, there is one class of organizations which is called measure institution.Most of the organizatio ns expire people with their separate private lives, but it is not the case with total institution. It is characterised by such features as dis appearance of private life, planned and supervised activities, sharp division between staff and inmates, the mortification of the self. The biggest examples of the total institution are mental hospital and prison, where people are isolated from the outside world and society. promptly we have a go at it what defines organizations, but we still did not get to the point why do we need to study them.From my point of view, it is essential to look at the historical background of organizations. We need to understand how they were appearing and create trough the time, in order to understand how they are functioning nowadays. In this essay I have decided to look specifically at one type of organizations business corporations. Weber (1914) said that modern society is distinguished from the earlier one by the appearance of the multiplicity of admin istrative tasks and the need to expertise and carry them. He called it the increasing complexity of civilization.Weber said that this phenomenon is caused by growing size of it of organizations, greater wealth and increasing social problems. If we would refer to the history of organizations, we can see the significant changes in structure, polices, employee relations, values, etc. The first interest in organizations appeared in the 19th century, which was driven by industrialization. Industrial gyration was caused by development of technologies, which totally changed the structure of most of the organizations, and lead to the transformation of society.The introduction of manufacturing process completely changed the employment relations. Discipline was the key feature of the new organization, as it helped to control and organize people much effectively this lead to the process of bureaucratization. New industrialists were looking for the profitable production. In order to achie ve it, they need punctuality and uninterrupted work during fixed hours from their employees. These targets were achieved by bureaucratisation, which was central to the administrative revolution. These rganizations were highly rational, they functioned in a discipline and unemotional manner, their activities were calculated, systematic and predictable. This approach helped the manufacturers maximize the return on their capital. This new manufacturing process was the offset of the new era of employment relations. Bureaucracy is a systematic approach all the workers had their duties and were stipendiary respectively. But, as many other theories, this system did not work so smooth in the real life, as it seemed on paper. Employers main purpose was to increase the profit, in order to do so, they were underpaying their employees.At the beginning people were happy just to have jobs, but the time passed and workers started to understand and fight for their human rights. This situation c aused the appearance of the new type of organizations called trade unions. Trade union is an organization of workers, who tied together in order to achieve better working conditions. It is suggested that the origins of trade unions lay in the failure of the early Factory act to protect children and women at the work place as a result many began to work together, forming unions to inflame for change in the law and greater respect for the workers (BBC).As we can see, relationships between employers and workers were getting more and more complicated. In order to keep companys profitability, employers had to meet workers conditions this brought the necessity of new oversight approach, which was called scientific or personnel management. This approach was first introduced by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the late 19th century. personnel office Management was an administrative record-keeping function it attempted to maintain fair terms and conditions for employees. This was the beginni ng of the employee relations.Its main theme was to pay people for their productivity, the new reward system was introduced. In other words people were paid for the amount of time they worked and for the quantity of items they produced. This was the beginning of new era of management. Lately Personnel Management evolved into the pitying Resource Management, it was again caused by the employees unsatisfied demands. People were paid properly, but it was not plentiful anymore. Workers were tired of being treated as machines, they were demanding for more personal attitude. It was the time when pitying Resource Management was introduced.It was concerned with carrying out the same functional activities traditionally performed by the personnel function, such as recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, etc. But HRM approach was looking at employees from the point of view, that they are the main organizational assets. It was seeking to achieve the comp etitive advantage trough the strategic development of highly move and capable work force. In other words, employers were trying to create the comfortable and friendly working environment, in order to keep the best employees in the company.As we can see from the historical background, there were wide changes in the organizational structure and these changes appeared in a relatively small amount of time. We are sustentation in the world of progress, where everything is developing so fast, that it is sometimes very hard to catch up. By everything I mean every aspect of our lives technologies, government, countries, and of course people. People is the most important cause of all these changes organization, on the first place, is all about its employees without them it wouldnt exist.Thinking about personal development, I would like to mention Maslow Hierarchy of needs This pyramid clearly explains how workers needs were changing through the time first of all they needed job to earn m oney for living when they got it they needed to be secure that their income would be unchangeable (Trade Unions appear) then they needed to feel comfortable in their working environment (Personnel Management) the top two requirements cerebrate the personal recognition and the opportunity for development (this is what HRM is traffic with).Summarising everything said above, we can finally try to answer the question wherefore do we need to study organizations? Organizations are imprescriptible part of our life we are dealing with them practically in any aspect of our lives. We all study at the University at the moment, which means we are all part of this organization. In the future we are going to find the job and, most credibly nowadays, going to be the part of another organization. As we can see, we cannot avoid this component of our life. As the Latin saying claims Forewarned, forearmed.Studying organisations gives us an opportunity to know more about the world we live in, to know our lives and grab our chances. As we can see from the history. It was people, who changed the structure of organizations simple workers, who was looking for better life. The world has changed a lot and it keeps on changing. Organizations nowadays have to be more flexible and open-minded, in order to coax the best human assets and remain competitive enormous amounts of money are spent on the man Resource Development.There is prediction that the relationship that individuals will have with organizations will change there were no longer be fixed working lives. People still need to earn money, but they do not want to be tied up with their jobs. Humanity is developing, we are having different demands and priorities from our predecessors. To go with the times, we need to study the society we live in, and organizations is one of its biggest and important parts nowadays.References1. BBC/Learning zone Broad Band. Why Did the Trade Unions Come About? Available at http//www.bbc.co.uk /learningzone/clips/why-did-the-trade-unions-come-about/11082.html Accessed 20/03/2011 2. Bratton, J. & Gold, J. (2007) Human Resource Management speculation & Practice (4th edition). Palgrave Macmillan Basingstoke. 3. Clegg, S. and Hardy, C. (1999), Studying Organizations Theory and Method. London Sage. 4. Clegg, S. Kornberger, M. and Pitsis, T. (2008) Managing and Organizations An Introduction to Theory and Practice. London Sage. 5. Fulcher, J. and Scott, J. (2009) Sociology (OUP, 3rd edition). Oxford University Press. 6. Giddens, Anthony. (2009) Sociology (6th edition). Cambridge Polity Press. 7. Storey, J. (1995), Human Resource Management. London Routledge.